Tanchak, A., Katovsky, K., Haysak, I., Adam, J., & Holomb, R.
(2022).
Research of spallation reaction on plutonium target irradiated by protons with energy of 660 MeV.
Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series "Physics",
(52),
36-45.
https://doi.org/10.54919/2415-8038.2022.52.36-45
Research of spallation reaction on plutonium target irradiated by protons with energy of 660 MeV
https://doi.org/10.54919/2415-8038.2022.52.36-45
Abstract
Relevance. This paper describes the measurement of the cross sections of the fission and fragmentation reactions of a plutonium target irradiated with a series of protons characterized by an energy of 660 MeV at the Phazotron accelerator of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.
Purpose. The experiment focuses on the determination of short-lived radionuclides.
Methods. The experimental sample was measured in offline mode using gamma spectrometry with HPGe detector. The reaction rates of the formed residual nuclei were studied. The products of spallation reaction were determined with the help of the direct kinematics method. The DEIMOS32 software was used to process γ-spectra.
Results. As a result of the interaction of nuclear elements with protons, nuclei were formed in the 239Pu sample. Those nuclei were identified using the TJ02000321–V3 software. The reaction products were identified based on gamma energies, intensity and half-life after the measurement set. During the study of the gamma spectra determined for the irradiated plutonium target, it was possible to establish 50 gamma lines and reveal 31 nuclides by energy and half-life cycles from 14.4 m to 3.19 h. The measured nuclear reaction cross-sections can serve as reference data for theoretical simulations of the interaction of protons with 239Pu and they can be a supplement to the nuclear databases.
Conclusions. The obtained experimental result is compared with the simulation on MCNP 6.1. The data overall correspond to the expected range, but it still needs more evaluation. The next logical step is to search for primary products (mother nuclei) and compare the obtained experimental data with the results of computer simulations
Keywords: Phasotron accelerator, TJ02000321–V3 software, gamma spectra, radionuclides, γ-spectroscopy, accelerator-driven systems
Suggested citation
References
[1] Carminati F, Klapisch R, Revol JP, Roche Ch, Rubio JA, Rubbia C. 1993. An energy amplifier for cleaner and inexhaustible nuclear energy production driven by a particle beam accelerator [Internet]. Available from: https://cds.cern.ch/record/256520/files/at-93-047.
[2] Rubbia C, Rubio JA, Buono S, Carminati F, Fietier N, Galvez J, et al. 1995. Conceptual design of a fast neutron operated high power energy amplifier [Internet]. Available from: https://www.oecd-nea.org/trw/docs/rubbia/concept.pdf.
[3] Venneri F, Bowman CD, Williamson MA, Ning L, Bhatia TS, Jensen RJ, et al. Accelerator-driven transmutation of nuclear waste: Status, new concepts and future development. New Mexico: Los Alamos National Laboratory; 1996.
[4] Takizuka T, Nishida T, Sasa T, Takada H, Meigo S, Mizumoto M, et al. Fuel Cycle Systems. In: Proceedings International Conference on Evaluation of Emerging Nuclear; 1995. Versailles. Versailles: Nuclear Energy Agency; 1995. P. 489-96.
[5] Bátěk D. Nuclear reactor fuels and the fuel cycle. Brno: Vysoké Učení Technické v Brně; 2010.
[6] Kebin EI. 2016. Nuclear power [Internet]. Available from: http://nuclphys.sinp.msu.ru/ne/.
[7] Titarenko YuE, Shvedov OV, Igumnov MM, Michel R, Mashnik SG, Karpikhin EI, et al. Experimental and computer simulation study of the radionuclides produced in thin 209Bi targets by 130 MeV and 1.5 GeV proton-induced reactions. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 1998;(414):73-99. doi: 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00530-0.
[8] Michel R, Bodemann R, Busemann H, Daunke R, Gloris M, Lange HJ, et al. Cross sections for the production of residual nuclides by low- and medium-energy protons from the target elements C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba and Au. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 1997;(129):153-93. doi: 10.1016/S0168-583X(97)00213-9.
[9] Zeman M, Adam J, Baldin AA, Chilap VV, Furman WI, Katovsky K, et al. 2020. Reaction rates of residual nuclei produced of 59Co at the target QUINTA. [Internet]. Available from: https://pos.sissa.it/225/061/pdf.
[10] Adam J, Mrazek J, Frana J, Pronskikh VS, Kalinnikov VG, Priemyshev AN, et al. Program package and supplements to activation analysis for calculations of nuclear reaction cross sections. Meas. Tech. 2000;(1):1-22.
[11] Onischenko LM. JINR phasotron. In: 12th IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference; 1987. New York. New York: IEEE; 1987. P. 878-82.
[12] Szelecsényia F, Steyn GF, Nortier FM, Kovács Z. New cross sections for the 27Al (p, x) 7 Be nuclear process: Monitoring proton beam energy via the 22Na/7Be cross-section ratio between 45 and 200MeV. EPJ Web Conf. 2017;(146):1-4. doi: 10.1051/epjconf/201714608011.
[13] Frána J. Program DEIMOS32 for gamma-ray spectra evaluation. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2003;(257):583-7. doi: 10.1023/A:1025448800782.
[14] Adam IB, Kalinnikov VG, Pronskikh VS, Adam II, Gonusek M., Gromov KYa. Analysis of complex γ-radiation spectra. Gatchina: PIYaF; 1998.
[15] AD4HEL – Activation detectors for high energy lasers: Využití kvasi-offline metod pro detekci laserem generovaných neutronů. 2019-2021 [Internet]. Available from: https://www.vut.cz/en/rad/projects/detail/30357.
[16] Adam J, Katovsky K, Balabekyan A, Kalinnikov VG, Krivopustov MI, Kumawat H, et al. Transmutation of 129I, 237Np, 238Pu, 239Pu, and 241Am using neutrons produced in target-blanket system ‘Energy plus Transmutation’ by relativistic protons. Pramana. 2007;(68):201-12. doi: 10.1007/s12043-007-0024-6.
[17] Wan J-S, Langrock E-J, Westmeier W, Vater P, Brandt R, Adam J, et al. Transmutation of Pu-239 with spallation neutrons. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2001;(247):151-7. doi: 10.1023/A:1006787703538.
[18] Al-Adili A, Hambsch F, Pomp S, Oberstedt S. Impact of prompt-neutron corrections on final fission-fragment distributions. Phys. Rev. C. 2012;86(5):article number 054601. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.86.054601.
[19] Lestone JP. Energy dependence of plutonium fission-product yields. Nucl. Data Sheets. 2011; 112(12):3120-34. doi: 10.1016/j.nds.2011.11.008.
[20] Neudecker D, Talou P, Kawano T, Kahler AC, White MC, Taddeucci TN, et al. Evaluations of energy spectra of neutrons emitted promptly in neutron-induced fission of 235U and 239Pu. Nucl. Data Sheets, 2018;(148):293-311. doi: 10.1016/j.nds.2018.02.006.
[21] Alrwashdeh M. 239Pu evaluation comparison study. Ann. Nucl. Energy. 2018;(118):313-6. doi: 10.1016/j.anucene.2018.04.034.
